The Most Disregarded Fact Regarding Best Research Paper Ever Exposed

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Essay on Slavery In American History - 1430 Words

When it comes to some important events before 19th century in United States, we must mention the Abolition Movement, which began in 1930s, and ended with Emancipation Proclamation. Just like our textbook---A Short History of the American Nation,  ¡Ã‚ °No reform movement of this era was more significant, more ambiguous in character, or more provocative of later historical investigation than the drive to abolish slavery. ¡Ã‚ ± Abolition Movement was not only meaningful to itself, that is, slavery was abolished and black slaves were freed, but also meaningful to the whole nation, because it exerted much influences on American society and economy. In this paper, I will firstly present a brief introduction about slaves in North American. Secondly,†¦show more content†¦It seemed that slavery developed very well in south, and southerners wanted to keep it, but it could not to say that all classes in America had the same ideas as southerners, such as blacks and northerners. Where there is disagreement, there is conflict. With the pace of history, people who fought against slavery started the Abolition Movement. First of all, let ¡Ã‚ ¯s come to social conditions.  ¢Ãƒ ±. Social Conditions Every event takes place under some certain society. Abolition Movement is no exception. First, it is known that America passed the Bill of Rights in 1789, which allowed American citizens to have democratic rights, but blacks and Indians were not included. This document admitted the existence of slavery in America. Second, with the development of both north and south, there were more and more conflicts between them, because they had different systems. North was of capitalism, and south was of plantation. Here, I ¡Ã‚ ¯d like to mention the most serious event, which sharpened the conflict between south and north, that is, the Missouri Compromise. This was a heated political battle between slave owners of south and capitalists of north. The focus of their conflict was Missouri should become a slave state or a free state. This issue related to the balance of south and north in Senate, so both sides wanted to be more powerful. This political conflict, rising from the establishment of Missouri State, was theShow MoreRelatedAmerican History: Slavery910 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery (APA) American History Slavery (Order #A2094863) Question #1 In the first half of the 19th century the Untied States quickly expanded westward, but as the country grew the expansion of slavery became a hotly contended issue. Those states that already allowed slavery, mostly the South, wanted to expand the institution into newly established territories and states, while non-slave states in the North wanted to curtail it. In response, a series of compromises were reached in Congress whereRead MoreThe History of African American Slavery1353 Words   |  6 PagesThe History of African American Slavery Tongela Vaughan Axia College of University of Phoenix The History of African American Slavery A slave is someone who is owned by another human. They do as they are told to do by their owners. African Americans had an unfair start in America, by being captured and brought over from Africa to be slaves. Do you know how slaves were treated? The conditions and treatment of slaves were different fromthe average American. Do you know how slavery cameRead MoreHistory: Slavery and American Freedom1104 Words   |  5 PagesSummary I American Slavery, American Freedom written by Edmund S. Morgan captures the history of Virginia while keeping focusing on the social and political elements that uplifted the way of slavery. With the focus on Virginia, the book also probes the central paradox of American history: how a people could have developed the dedication to human liberty and dignity exhibited by the leaders of the American Revolution and at the same time have developed and maintained a system of labor that deniedRead MoreInfluence Of Slavery On American History1351 Words   |  6 PagesInfluence of Slavery on American History From the first 20 slaves brought to Jamestown in 1619, the abolishment of slavery through the 13th amendment to the United States Constitution, slaves and slavery have played an important role in the establishment and economic growth of the United States of America. From its beginning, slavery has divided America on its pursuit of life, liberty and happiness. Separating from its own oppressor on the words â€Å"That all men are created equal, that they areRead MoreSlavery And Its Impact On American History912 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery is seen as a blemish on American history, and the man who abolished it can be an idol to many. He is considered honest, and his image can be found on the penny and on the five-dollar. However, history is written by the victors, and Abraham Lincoln had no intention of getting rid of the institution of slavery. In a debate with Stephan A. Douglas, Lincoln said, â€Å"My first impulse would be to free all slaves, and send them to Liberia,-to their own native land.† Later on during that same debateRead MoreNative American Slavery And Its Impact On American History2043 Words   |  9 PagesNative American Slavery Slavery in the colonies was inevitable, but we seem to forget that Native American’s were the first to actually be enslaved by the colonists rather than the Africans. They were not treated as equals, nor respected, their land was stripped away from them bit by bit, and the only reason why they were not used as slaves throughout the majority of America’s history, was due to the fact that an unimaginable amount of them died from foreign diseases; that of which Africans hadRead MoreSlavery Is An Important Chapter Of American History910 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery is an important chapter in American history, and its influence can be seen in the roots of our government and laws. Slavery is a prejudice based on race. It is also economic exploitation; the act of forcing other individuals to work for no pay. While slavery was ultimately abolished, restitution in the form of freedom was not compensation enough for the wrongs, nor could it remove the very ideal of slavery from our nation’s foundation. The effects of slavery continue to influence theRead MoreAp American Historyï ¼Å¡ Slavery953 Words   |  4 PagesAnalyze the origins and development of slavery in Britain’s North American colonies in the period 1619 to 1776. Support your answers with evidence from the assigned readings. The Root of Slavery in Colonial America 1619-1776 The colonists did not choose Africans for slavery simply because they were unease by their alien skin tone or because they belittle the people’s lack of civilized background. In fact, the first Africans to arriveRead MoreSlavery Is An Important Part Of American History904 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery is an important part of American history regardless of what generation you come from. The topic may be an uncomfortable subject however there is a lot you can learn from the experiences and the stories slaves like Harriet Jacobs tell in Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl. There are several moments through her life that really challenged and complimented my understanding of slavery in American history. The incidents that really swayed me where when she found out she was pregnant, certainRead MoreSlavery During American History Slave962 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout American history slave has resist their master, the system and the idea of slavery. These resistance has became of a key stone in the history of slavery. To understand what these resistance is, we will look at incident of the past to analyze how slave in the past resisted their master, the system and the idea of slavery. If the enemies of the slave were to have a face then it would be the face of their master. The master of slaves are the owner of slaves. there is a misconception that

Phillis Wheatley and Her Writing Techniques Essay Example For Students

Phillis Wheatley and Her Writing Techniques Essay Phillis Wheatleys poems do not focus on her condition as a slave, but rather on the white Christians view of slaves. She uses writing techniques such as biblical allusions, classical references, and neoclassical conventions. The style of Phillis Wheatleys poems is like that of writer Alexander Pope. The ideas expressed in her poems, however, are ideas of her own unique thoughts (African Anecdotes 335). The white Christian view of slaves and these techniques are revealed in such works as: On Being Brought From Africa to America, To the Right Honorable William, Earl of Dartmouth, His Majestys Principal Secretary of State For North America, and c. , To Maecenas, To the University of Cambridge, in New England, Thoughts on the Works of Providence, and His Excellency General Washington.. The two best known works that focus on the Christian whites view of slaves are On Being Brought From Africa to America and To the Right Honorable William, Earl of Dartmouth, His Majestys Principal Secretary of State For North America, and c. (Davis 342). Wheatley writes primarily for white Christians, embracing white Christian attitudes and values. She feels a distinct separation from her people (Jamison 1887). The reason Wheatley wrote from a white point of view is because everything she read and memorized was of a white author ( Jordan 1896). Another reason for her poetry taking the white point of view is because what she wrote was dictated by whites; Her mind was controlled by them, her actions were controlled by them, and consequently her pen (Jamison 1890). Wheatleys life during the length of time in which all but a few of her poems were written was comfortable and cultivated. This fact plays a large role in her writing from a whites point of view. Due to the fact that she was not subjected to the relative harshness of slavery, she adopted a white point of view (Collins 345). She does not focus on her condition as a slave or the condition of the many other slaves (Loggins 1885). In the poem, On Being Brought From Africa to America, Wheatley states: Some view our race with scornful eye (Wheatley 825). This statement reveals that she is aware of how white Christians view slaves (Scruggs 353). Wheatley also states that white Christians view the Negros color as a diabolic dye (Wheatley 825). Her use of the word diabolic means having qualities of the devil (Randomhouse).

Representation of slavery in Beloved by Toni Morrison Essay Example

Representation of slavery in Beloved by Toni Morrison Essay Those who are unfamiliar with the raw concept of what the institution of slavery was will consider its role in Beloved as truly disturbing and psychologically horrifying. In a modern world where slavery has become a distant concept that is virtually non-existent, it no longer has a true identity. In this novel, we are shown how slavery cannot be simply defined as the trade in people, but as the manipulation of their emotions and freedom by others who held power over them. Beloved reveals slavery in its purest form, what it really was at its most powerful and how it left former slaves mentally shattered even after it was abolished. The novel is very complex and the theme of slavery works on a number of levels. Within the text, it is rich in historical detail regarding slavery by cataloguing atrocities of slavery, with the purpose of highlighting its harsh reality. Slavery as a theme is explored in Beloved through the traumatic experiences of former slaves and despite being physically free, their past continues to haunt them. Through the paraphernalia of slavery in the novel, Morrison is aiming to educate the reader slavery in its totality. Morrison does this through teaching the reader about slavery, almost as a history lesson and by giving it characteristics that tell the reader what it was like. This is the opinion of Carol Rumens from a review in the Times Literary Supplement of October 1987: Morrison increases our sense of outrage of slavery by describing the system, initially, not at its most brutal but at its most enlightened. We will write a custom essay sample on Representation of slavery in Beloved by Toni Morrison specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Representation of slavery in Beloved by Toni Morrison specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Representation of slavery in Beloved by Toni Morrison specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This quote further implies that slavery has always been regarded as a mistake of the past but the emphasis on its nature is given definition in Beloved. Morrisons aim in doing this is her concern that slavery is in danger of becoming just a word, which has no clear meaning. What Morrison achieves through language and the lives of the characters in the novel, is to allow the reader an insight into the world of slavery. Morrison portrays slavery as an underlying theme in the central story of the novel. This is done through the use of first person narrative throughout the novels many characters. Its use allows the reader to view the lives of these people through their own eyes; how they live and feel their emotions, and thus we too experience slavery. As a result, we view the life of each person and his or her view. This is present in the narrative of the Schoolteacher whose interpretations show how many slave owners felt morally superior to their slaves and justified slavery by believing as if it were natural that blacks were meant to be slaves. Schoolteacher renders them as ..creatures God had given you the responsibility of, but the first person narrative gives the reader the opportunity to contemplate why he believed this. This quote is taken from Schoolteachers narrative just as Sethe has murdered Beloved: all testimony to the results of a little so-called freedom imposed on people who needed every care and guidance in the world to keep them from the cannibal life they preferred. By telling the story through a series of first person narratives, Morrison allows the reader to view what happens by how the particular character interprets them because she wants us to perceive them in a certain way. This is a characteristic of the convention of the omniscient author. Morrison use of the convention of the omniscient author encourages the reader to experience slavery as a direct experience, Margaret Atwood of the New York Times describes this as: ..we experience American slavery as it was lived by those who were its objects of its exchange at its worst, which was as bad as can be imagined. This shows the emotional bearing on the character overwhelms any physical effects in the text. None of the characters can completely forget their individual experiences of slavery but learn to cope in their own ways, Sethe does not and carries out the ultimate atrocity in Beloved. Like many former slaves in the novel, Sethe regards her past as a slave as a separate life from the present in order to make it feel more distant: ..every mention of her past life hurt. Everything in it was either painful or lost. It was this past she was haunted by what led her to attempt to murder all her children and to being successful in murdering one, especially the experience of being literally milked by the Schoolteachers nephews. She doesnt want her own children (of whom she is very possessive) to experience slavery. Paul D describes her love as: for a used to-be-slave woman to love anything that much was dangerous, especially if it was her children she had settled on to love. This quote sounds unnatural but realistic when applied to slavery. To love your own children is natural; it is a mothers maternal instinct, but as Baby Suggs tells Denver, slaves were only supposed to please their owners: Slaves not supposed to have pleasurable feelings on their own please whoever owned them. Sethes horror of overhearing one of the nephews of the Schoolteacher had written about her animal characteristics with ink she had made for them, dictates what she becomes after escaping Sweet Home. A. S. Byatt expresses this as a profound and patterning metaphor. This representation is of Sethe being degraded to an animal-like status exemplified when she is milked. Milking Sethe was one of Schoolteachers ways of trying to argue slavery was justified by labelling slaves more animal than human: ..two boys..one sucking on my breast the other holding me down, their book-reading teacher watching and writing it up. Sethe describes her horrific treatment as being handled (me) like I was the cow,.. This simile comparing her treatment with that of an animal emphasizes how Schoolteacher felt Sethe was more animal than human. We usually associate milking as an animal practice not for humans. Margaret Atwood of the New York Times conveys the impact slavery also had on the perpetrators of it: ..they start believing in their own superiority and justifying their actions by it..they make a cult of the inferiority of those they subjugate. This is certainly true of Schoolteacher who seems to command respect as he feels superior, however, by doing this he is just proving how inhumane people like him are and in spite of his education the slaves are superior to him. Sethe is left psychologically scarred by the trauma of what was inflicted upon her and will not allow her children to suffer like she had as a slave: That anybody white could take your whole self for anything that came to mind Dirty you so bad you couldnt like yourself anymore. Dirty you so bad you forgot who you were and couldnt think it up.. the best thing was, her children. Whites might dirt her all right, but not her best thing. The repetition of Dirty you.. calls attention to Sethes feelings of her no longer being herself anymore. So when the threat of Schoolteacher taking her best thing away from her into a world she did not want her children to experience, she makes the ultimate decision. Sethe was determined not to allow Schoolteacher take her children: I have felt what it felt like and nobody.. is going to make you feel it too. Not you, not none of mine, and when I tell you you mine, I mean Im yours. The syntax in the last sentence of the quotation shows that Sethes message is blunt and she sounds determined. This is an act of rebellion for any slave. Since her animal characteristics were listed, that is what she literally becomes when the whites came for her, she expresses this as those whom send the birds twittering back into her hair. Consequently, this was how she feels when she collects her children in order to kill them: Little hummingbirds stuck their needle beaks..through.. into her hair and beat their wings.. She just flew. Stamp Paid who witnessed the event depicts her behaviour in a similar bird-like manner: ..snatching up her children like a hawk on the wing; how her face beaked, how her hands worked like claws,.. These accounts give the impression that Sethe suddenly became bird-like in her behaviour. The repetition of how her and the similes show the similarity between Sethes character and that of a bird, Sethe adopted the characteristics of a bird as soon as she felt her children were in danger from the whites. Sethe believes she made the right decision, which she justifies as: How if I hadnt killed her she would have died and that is something I could not bear to happen to her. This statement sounds ironic, as it seems Sethe is saying that by murdering Beloved it was better for her to die than to live. She would have died mentally, which is probably an indication of how Sethe perceives herself. The novel is full of many paradoxes, Paul D describes his life as Life was dead. This has an effect on the lives of these slaves (at that time in the text) being something that they werent meant to be and wanting what wouldnt be regarded as acceptable or normal to their owners. In the second part of the novel, Morrison makes the reader aware that this story is not real, but mythical. Sethe murdering Beloved is meant to draw attention to a message within the story. It seems this almost mythical novel is encouraging the readers to think about what the story of Beloved is trying to teach. Sethe is not only physically haunted by her murdered daughter but mentally by her past which she cannot forget: but her brain was not interested in the future. Loaded with the past and hungry for more, it left her no room to imagine let alone plan for, the next day. The idea of the past continuing to haunt the present is reinforced in the text through many of the monologues and the first person narratives of Sethe, who cant forget her past. The characters reminisce frequently using the present tense in past events, which shows how the past is still evident within the present. However, some former slaves like Ella, who manage to cope with their past and look to the future are free of their past: the future was sunset; the past something to leave behind. And if it didnt stay behind, well, you might have to stomp it out. Slave life; freed life-every day was a test and a trial. Finally, the ghost of Beloved in her supernatural and physical form represents Sethes past that she cant let go of. You get the impression that Sethe wants the ghost there, which is why she returns in a human form. In Beloved the reluctance of Sethe and Beloved to let go of each other leads to dreadful consequences for Sethe who becomes devoured by Beloved. In the same way Sethe is haunted by Beloved by continually looking to the past instead of the future, Morrison is trying to teach black Americans the lesson that Sethe has to learn. How Sethe cant look to the future and instead looks to the past, the past eventually devours her personified by Beloved. Black Americans who are haunted by the past of their forefathers, who may have been slaves and dont look to the future will also have a bleak future if they do not learn the same lesson as Sethe. Andrà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s T. Tapia also reaches this conclusion in article taken from cheski.net: Those who cant let go of the past self destruct while those who choose to respect and mourn the past but not be beholden to it find unexpected freedom. In the final chapter of the novel, Morrison ends the story with Beloved letting Sethe go. The chapter essentially emphasizes the meaning of the novel and is almost like a fairy tale ending. The past no longer haunts the former slaves in the novel for those like Sethe. They have forgotten the past like a bad dream. Forgetting is repeated again in the chapter to emphasize its importance and making the past into an unpleasant dream. It is through Beloved that Sethe finds an inner peace. Morrison is reinforcing the message to many black Americans that like Sethe they must achieve their own inner peace. They must learn to forget the past as stated Remembering seemed unwise., so to remember the past will achieve nothing but looking to the future they will also achieve their own freedom. Morrison emphasizes the need for the black community not to teach the future generations the mistakes of the past through repetition of the single line It was not a story to pass on.at two separate points of the chapter. The characters in the novel that had any contact with Beloved did this as they realised that to remember too much would be a mistake. In a paragraph after the second time this line is repeated, Morrison warns the black American reader: This is not a story to pass on. This single statement is of a much more blunt and threatening tone and acts as a final warning. Essentially, what Morrison is saying is that eventually the past can be forgotten and then a future can be achieved. Slavery was their past and not the future. It was harsh and brutal for their forefathers whom were the victims of an inhumane institution but that doesnt mean the future has to be their past too.

Just Clean Your Hands essayEssay Writing Service

Just Clean Your Hands essayEssay Writing Service Just Clean Your Hands essay Just Clean Your Hands essayJust Clean Your Hands is the program that aims at the promotion of cleaning hands by the health care and support staff in the London Health Sciences Center. The program focuses on the health care and support staff, which is supposed to bear the full responsibility for the maintenance of the clean and healthy environment in the clinic. However, the problem is that the London Health Sciences Center still faces the problem of the low hands cleaning rate that puts under a threat the health of health care professionals, support staff and clients of the clinic. Therefore, the introduction of the Just Clean Your Hands program is essential for the clinic to enhance its quality of services delivered to patients and to secure the health care environment from spreading infections and diseases caused by unclean hands or poor hands cleaning culture of the clinic’s staff.Just Clean Your Hands is the program that aims at the maintenance of the healthy environment i n the London Health Sciences Center’s medical and support staff. The maintenance of the healthy environment is crucial for the delivery of efficient health care services. This program focuses on the training of the staff how to clean hands and to develop the culture of cleaning hands among health care professionals and support staff. In such a way, the program will create the healthy environment in the clinic through the training of the staff and developing right habits of cleaning their hands.Otherwise, there is a high risk of the contamination of patients as well as health care professionals and support staff working in the center. Unclean hands of the health care and support staff is one of the major risk factor for inpatients as well as for the staff. Unclean hands are source of danger and high risk of spreading infections and contamination of patients and health care professionals along with the support staff. At the moment, the London Health Sciences Center has the poor hand washing compliant rate. Therefore, the center faced the high risk of spreading infections and disease because of the poor hand washing culture. The poor hand cleaning culture puts under a threat the health of patients and the health care and support staff.Even though there are objective factors that cause the poor hand washing rate, such as the work overload, but the health care and support staff should respect hand washing standards because it is the matter of hygiene and health of the staff and clients. Health care professionals and support staff should be aware of the importance of cleaning hands to secure themselves and patients from numerous threats and risks, which are particularly high in the health care environment, where the staff and patients are constantly exposed to the risk of the contamination and regular and through cleaning of hands is essential to keep the staff and patients from the contamination by some infectious disease or developing other health problems that may be transmitted via unclean hands.In such a situation, the simple cleaning hands will help to reduce the risk of spreading infections and health problems within the clinical environment will be helpful. In addition, cleaning hands helps to protect clients from deteriorating their condition under the impact of infections brought into the clinical environment because of unclean hands. The cleaning of hands does not need many efforts from the part of health care professionals and support staff. They should just clean their hands regularly and throughout and that is what Just Clean Your Hands is trying to teach them. Furthermore, cleaning hands is the simple but cost-efficient method because it allows saving costs of the health care organization because simple measure that cost next to nothing, cleaning hands, can prevent the development of serious health conditions that will require costly and serious treatment.At the same time, it is worth mentioning the fact that often the pr oblem is not the negligence of the health care and support staff that leads to their failure to clean their hands regularly. Instead, the problem often is the wrong hands cleaning technique. In this regard, Just Clean Your Hands program offers the detailed recommendations and training of the staff to clean hands right that improves the quality of hands cleaning and makes it really efficient. As a result, health care professionals and support staff clean their hands effectively and, thus, secure themselves, their colleagues and clients. Therefore, the implementation of the Just Clean Your Hands program will help the health care and support staff of the London Health Sciences Center to resolve the problem of the low hands cleaning rate and improve the health care environment in the clinic.Thus, Just Clean Your Hands is an effective program that has to be implemented into the London Health Sciences Center to improve the hands cleaning culture of the staff and to secure not only the per sonnel of the clinic but also clients.

The Main Types of Essay Papers

The Main Types of Essay Papers Defining Narrative, Argumentative, Expository Essay Types Students of all ages face the necessity to complete various types of academic works. Types of assigned papers usually depend on students’ grade and specialization. However, some essay types are included in general education program. It means you inevitably have to write them no matter if you are studying Law or Science. This time we will define the major essay types including Narrative, Argumentative and Expository essays defining their features in addition to useful writing tips. Essay type 1 – Narrative essay Everything looks pretty simple here. All you need is to try a role of a storyteller. Speak to your audience in a written way and tell about any real-life experienced that stroke you in the past. Students like writing narrative essays although the paper may still be rather challenging for immature and amateur writers. Narrative essay topic examples: The Happiest Family Vacation; My Worst Enemy. Essay type 2 – Expository essay College students are familiar with this type of academic paper. They are actually the same as research papers. Here you need to deliver facts merely and support the topic and your point of view. The most challenging aspect of this essay is to arrange all paragraphs, sentences and thoughts establishing a coherence for the reader. Make sure your audience can put up with all facts and data you deliver. Expository essay topic examples: How do mobile devices affect people’s lives? The results of Communism. Essay type 3 – Argumentative essay This is where you need to persuade your readers that you provide the only right point of view. The name of the paper makes it clear that students are supposed to highlight strong arguments in favor of their opinions. Although you are allowed using other experts’ opinions, the main mission of the paper is to design one of your own. Argumentative essay topic examples: Can mobile devices replace live communication? Is the modern education program efficient when finding a job?

Business Entities Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Entities - Case Study Example This is especially important in the aviation industry since the risk of loss is considerably higher as the investment is higher. Therefore if the company faces any loss, Stanton would not have to bear the loss from his individual pocket. Most entities formed in the aviation industry as limited liability companies because of this main reason (Speciale, 2006). Another benefit of his form of business entity is that Stanton can choose this own tax paying option. As a member of the LLC, Stanton can chose to either be taxed as a sole proprietorship as he was doing before of he can choose to be taxed as partnership or a corporation. Since Stanton would have to pay low taxes as a sole proprietor given the current tax rates, he should opt for taxing his LLC as sole proprietor (Speciale, 2006). However, turning the business into an LLC is not without its cons. Stanton would have to face certain disturbances in the business. This primarily includes filing the proper paperwork for turning the company into an LLC which is a long process. Changing the company from sole proprietorship to Limited Liability Company also requires certain investment and the company is no longer a small company operated by one single owner. Also when new members would enter the business, the paperwork for the company would naturally increase as for every major decision, written approvals from the members would be required (Speciale, 2006). Apart from this, Stanton, by choosing to form an LLC would require new members to join the company. This, in turn, would mean loss of full control over the company. Right now, Stanton is the only investor, manager and controller of the business and therefore he can make any decisions regarding the business. However, when new members will bring their investment in the business, they would demand certain control over the business. As a result, control over the decision making process would be shared (Speciale, 2006). Also Stanton would now

S4 W8 Second WA Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

S4 W8 Second WA - Assignment Example THP has crafted ten principles and is working on them to make sure that its strategies are implemented properly. These principles are displayed in the figure below. THP started its operations in Africa back in 1987; two years after the famine hit the African world. THP started its program named as â€Å"Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger†. The basic idea behind this program was to call up the capable African leaders to help their nation in fighting out against the hunger. The Africa Prize also believes in celebrating and acknowledging the hard work of these devoted individuals from time to time. This program is now a diversified one and out forming other programs by offering vast array of leadership services to the people of Africa. THP’s in 1990s started a decentralized and a more holistic kind of people centered approach known as Strategic Planning in Action. Thousands of villages in Africa have applied to SPIA in order to empower their dwellers to achieve improvement in the sectors of health, nutrition, education and family income. Women are the major producer of food for the household usage in Africa, yet government has not considered them in crafting agricultural policies in order to improve the production of crops. The idea behind initiating such program was to empower the tens of thousands of African farmer women through proper training in the agricultural field. Secondly, the program was a way to drive government’s attention towards the importance of women in this sector and also to the fact that the future of agriculture sector depends on the women food farmers in Africa. This latter task was accomplished by launching a massive advocacy campaign in African countries. AIDS has been progressing in the African countries for years and the main reason is that women have minimal or no power in these countries to protect themselves. â€Å"AIDS and Gender Inequality Workshop† launched by THP in 2003

The Passionate Shepherd to His Love Summary Essay Example for Free

The Passionate Shepherd to His Love Summary Essay The Passionate Shepherd to His Love is a pastoral lyric, a poetic form that is used to create an idealized vision of rural life within the context of personal emotion. Pastoral poems had been in vogue among poets for at least seventeen hundred years when Marlowe wrote this one. The Greek poet Theocritis, in the third century B.C.E. (Shipley 300-1,) was the first pastoralist poet, and he, too, wrote about shepherds. All pastoral poetry, including Marlowes, is to some degree influenced by this original practitioner. The poem is written in very regular iambic tetrameter. Each line contains exactly four heavy stresses, and the metrical feet are almost always iambic. Similarly, most lines contain eight syllables, and the few that dont create a specific poetic effect (such as lines 3 and 4), or have easily elided syllables which may be read as eight. This regular meter, sustained through the twenty-four lines, remarkably never descends into the sing-song quality so prevalent in tetrameter, primarily because Marlowe salts his lines with a variety of devices that complement the meter without drawing too much attention to its rigid regularity. Marlowes use of soft consonants (such as W, M, Em, F) to start lines, with the occasional feminine ending of an unstressed syllable (in the third stanza) lend a delightful variety to an essentially regular and completely conventional form. In the first stanza, the Shepherd invites his love to come with him and pleasures prove (line 2.) This immediate reference to pleasure gives a mildly sexual tone to this poem, but it is of the totally innocent, almost naà ¯ve kind. The Shepherd makes no innuendo of a sordid type, but rather gently and directly calls to his love. He implies that the entire geography of the countryside of England Valleys, groves, hills and fields/Woods or steepy mountains will prove to contain pleasure of all kinds for the lovers. This vision of the bounteous earth (reminiscent of the New Testaments admonishment Look at the birds of the air: they neither sow nor reap nor gather into barns, and yet your heavenly Father feeds them. Matthew 6:26) is a very common theme in pastoral poetry. The idealization of rural life is essentially what separates pastoral poetry from simple rustic verse. Realism, which would not come into being as a poetic or literary style for many centuries after Marlowe, has little place in pastoral verse. The next stanza suggests that the lovers will take their entertainment not in a theatre or at a banquet, but sitting upon rocks or by rivers. They will watch shepherds (of which the titular speaker is ostensibly one, except here it is implied that he will have ample leisure) feeding their flocks, or listening to waterfalls and the songs of birds. The enticements of such auditory and visual pleasures can be seen as a marked contrast to the hurly-burly (a phrase Marlowe used in his later play, Dido, Queen of Carthage, Act IV, Scene 1) of the London stage plays which Marlowe would write. These are entirely bucolic, traditional entertainments; the idea of Marlowe, the young man about town who chose to live in London, actually enjoying these rustic pleasures exclusively and leaving the city behind is laughable. Again, these invitations are not to be taken literally. Marlowe may well have admired pastoral verse, and the ideals of it (such as Ovids ideals of aggressive, adulterous heterosexual love) were not necessarily those he would espouse for himself. The third, fourth, and fifth stanzas are a kind of list of the delights, mostly sartorial, that the Shepherd will make for his lady love. Here it becomes clearer that the Shepherd is really none of the same; indeed, he is more like a feudal landowner who employs shepherds. The list of the things he will make for his lady: beds of roses (a phrase, incidentally, first coined by Marlowe, which has survived to this day in common speech, though in the negative , no bed of roses meaning not a pleasant situation) thousand fragrant posies, cap of flowers, kirtle embroidered with leaves of myrtle, gown made of the finest wool/Which from our pretty lambs we pull, fair-linà ¨d slippers, buckles of the purest gold, belt of straw and ivy buds, coral clasps, and amber studs) reveal a great deal about the situation of the Shepherd and what he can offer his love. While certainly many of the adornments Marlowe lists would be within the power of a real shepherd to procure or make (the slippers, the belt, possibly the bed of roses (in season), the cap of flowers, and the many posies, and possibly even the kirtle embroidered with myrtle and the lambs wool gown,) but the gold buckles, the coral clasps, and the amber studs would not be easily available to the smallholder o r tenant shepherds who actually did the work of sheepherding. This increasingly fanciful list of gifts could only come from a member of the gentry, or a merchant in a town. This is another convention of pastoral poetry. While the delights of the countryside and the rural life of manual labor are celebrated, the poet (and the reader) is assumed to be noble, or at least above manual labor. The fantasy of bucolic paradise is entirely idealized; Marlowes Shepherd is not a real person, but merely a poetic device to celebrate an old poetic ideal in verse. Incidentally, the plants mentioned (roses, flowers, and myrtle) are conventional horticultural expressions of romance. The rose, especially, was sacred to the goddess Venus (and it is how roses have come to symbolize romantic love in some modern Western cultures.) The myrtle was associated with Venus, too, and especially with marriage rituals in Ancient Rome. This connotation would have been known to Marlowes readers. The attribute of virginity should not necessarily be assumed here; it was not for a few more centuries that myrtle would come to symbolize sexual purity. Therefore the kirtle embroidered with myrtle is not just a pretty rhyme and a word-picture of a desirable garment. It was meant to symbolize that this was a nuptial invitation, and that the Shepherds lady was not strictly defined (though she may well have been meant to be) a virgin bride. Myrtle was an appropriate nature symbol from the Greek and Roman mythologies (from which the first pastoral poems come) to insert into a love-poem. The image of the Shepherd as a member of the gentry becomes complete when, in the last stanza, it is said The shepherd swains shall dance and sing/For thy delight each May-morning. The picture here is of other shepherds doing the speakers bidding. A rustic form of performance – in the open air and not on a stage – is again in marked contrast to the kind of formal performance of plays on the Renaissance stage, which would make Marlowe famous at a very young age. The poem ends with an if statement, and contains a slightly somber note. There is no guarantee that the lady will find these country enticements enough to follow the Shepherd, and since the construction of them is preposterous and fantastical to begin with, the reader is left with the very real possibility that the Shepherd will be disappointed. Analysis â€Å"The Passionate Shepherd to His Love† was composed sometime in Marlowe’s early years, (between the ages of sixteen and twenty-three) around the same time he translated Ovid’s Amores. This is to say, Marlowe wrote this poem before he went to London to become a playwright. Thornton suggests that Marlowe’s poetic and dramatic career follows an â€Å"Ovidian career model† (xiv), with his amatory poems belonging to his youth, followed later by epic poems (such as Hero and Leander) and Lucan’s First Book). The energy and fanciful nature of youth is evident in â€Å"Passionate Shepherd†, which has been called â€Å"an extended invitation to rustic retirement† (xv). It is headlong in its rush of sentiment, though, upon examination, it reveals itself to be a particularly well-balanced piece of poetry. This poem is justly famous: though it may not be immediately identifiable as Marlowes (it is often mistakenly thought to be a sonnet of Shakespeare, though that is incorrect in both authorship and poetic form) it has a place in most anthologies of love-poetry. It may well be the most widely recognized piece that Marlowe ever wrote, despite the popularity of certain of his plays. The meter, though seemingly regular, gives a great deal of meaning and music to this poem. In line 10 the iambic pattern, so far unbroken, reverses to trochaic (stressed, unstressed). The line is innocuous And a thousand fragrant posies – there is no special meaning in this line that requires a complete reversal of the meter. But it is a completely complementary line to the one above it (which contains an almost perfect match of nine iambic syllables), and creates movement and motion in the poem. This kind of temporary shift of meter makes the poem lighter to read, and, while preserving regularity, lessens any sing-song quality that might occur if too many regular lines appear in sequence. This skillful change is one of the reasons this poem is so often read aloud. It is musical and regular to the ear, but it is never rigid or predictable. Line endings, too, can create variety within regularity, and also call attention to the subject matter of the lines. The only stanza which contains the line ending termed feminine (that is, an additional unstressed syllable following the final stressed syllable – while it may not have been called feminine in Marlowes day, the softer consonant at the end of a disyllabic word such as those in this stanza definitely can convey femininity) is the third. There will I make thee beds of roses This is done by using disyllabic words at the end of the line. The second syllable of most two-syllable words is usually an unstressed one. These lines all end with particularly feminine objects, too – roses, posies, kirtle (a womans garment), and myrtle. It should be noted that every other line-terminating word in the entire poem is a monosyllabic one, with the lone exception of line 22, in which the masculine stressed ending is forced by the hyphenated construction May-morn ing. Marlowe chose his words with very great care. Scansion of poetry is never exact; while lines 1 and 20 are often read as iamb ic, the beginning (especially line 20) can easily be read as a spondee (two long syllables – Come live with me and be my love/ rather than Come live with me and be my love/). A skillful and expressive reader might read this repeated line thusly, upon its second occurrence. The different stress would add pleading to the tone of the line (the emphases on the verbs come live and and be) and bespeak a slight desperation on the part of the Shepherd. If read the opposite way from the first line (spondaic rather than iambic) the meaning of the line changes just enough to create a development of emotion. This is no mean feat in a poem only twenty-four lines in length. (Note that there is disputed stanza (second from the last) Thy silver dishes for thy meat which appears in some older editions – the latest critical editions do not include it.) At first glance The Passionate Shepherd To His Love can seem to be a nice piece of pastoral frippery. Considering that it was written, probably, in Marlowes late adolescence, and if read as a superficial exercise in the practice of a very old form of poetry, it can seem to be light and insubstantial. But any studied analysis of the poem reveals its depth; the poem can be read as containing irony (as written by an urbane man who longed for the city rather than the country, and thus constructed impossible rustic scenarios), serious and heartfelt emotion, a slight political commentary, a gentle sadness, and a transcendent love of nature. Good poetry is often many things to different readers, and Marlowe was able to create, within a codified (and one might say ossified) form of poetry a piece of clever and flexible Elizabethan verse. The Shepherd may not have been real, but the emotions and effects created by this poem have their own reality.

Harrison Bergeron by Kurt Vonnegut Essay -- Harrison Bergeron Essays

Harrison Bergeron by Kurt Vonnegut â€Å"The story is a satire, a parody of an ideological society divorced from common sense reality† (Townsend). As Townsend stated Kurt Vonnegut makes a satire about society in his fictional short story Harrison Bergeron, which in their society there has been attempt of conformity through the handicaps of the people, the similarity to an authoritarian government, and the technology, whereas the people will eventually overcome. The Kind if government authority seen both mimics and satirizes the way Americans came to see the enemy (the Soviet Union) during the Cold War, which was near its height of distrust and fear in the late 1950’s and early 1960’s.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As an attempt to make the economy better Karl Marx a philosopher thought up the philosophy of Communism. A communist government plans and controls the economy, also has an authoritarian that has total control. Often the authoritarian claims that he will progress toward a higher social order in which the people equally share all goods. Although, the citizens in Harrison Bergeron in the same way â€Å"equal every which way† in the economy but, they are also â€Å"equal every which way† in physical characteristics (Vonnegut). In which the people know that they are unequal and that is why they have the handicaps. A handicap as stated in the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, in a â€Å"race or contest [an] artificial advantage is given or disadvantage imposed on a [person] to equalize chances of winning† (Me...

Arguments of the death penalty Essay

Is death the justification of a murder or are we merely subduing ourselves by performing the same heinous act? This argument had been debated for many decades and although some feel that death is the answer to a murder, there are others that find it completely barbaric. Through a careful analysis between Edward Koch’s â€Å"Death and Justice† and David Bruck’s â€Å"The Death Penalty†, I believe Koch had the better argument in claiming that death is the justification of a murder. I feel that if someone were to kill another person, we have all rights to sentence them to a death penalty to guarantee such a horrific crime would not happen again. If someone had the courage to take the life of another then he/she should have the courage to face the consequences. Although many believed that the death penalty is barbaric, I believe if it is not done, it would hinder America’s goal in working toward a country that possesses the least crime rates. In Koch’s essay he compared cancer with the death penalty. â€Å"Today we are faced with the choice of letting the cancer spread with†¦methods that considered barbaric†¦But to give up†¦would certainly delay the discovery of an eventual cure.† (Koch, paragraph 6) What Koch tried to convey to us is that certain methods of reducing cancer symptoms may be found barbaric but it is because of these methods we will find an eventual cure. This applies to the death penalty as well. Although someone may believe the death penalty is barbaric, they can still support it because if we create a society that does not tolerate the injustice of murder, incidents of murd er will decrease. In Bruck’s argument he attacked back by stating that the death penalty was applied in a discriminatory manner through a man by the name of â€Å"Ernest Knighton†. â€Å"Knighton had killed a gas station owner during a robbery†¦Why was Knighton electrocuted when almost everyone else who committed the same offense was not? Was it because he was black? Was it because his victim and all 12 members of the jury†¦were right?† (Bruck, paragraph 10) He’s stating the jury was racist to Knighton because he was black and the death penalty does not serve justice. I believe that his isn’t so because the appeals for each murderer are long and accurate. Our courts are made so that each case is handled effectively and thoroughly to bring forth justice in the case. Koch stated â€Å"It is not justice to exclude everyone from the penalty of the  law if a few are found to be so favored. Justice requires that the law be applied equally to all.† (Koch, paragraph 11). It is not a racial matter because the appeals process is long and elaborate for every individual and a person will not be given any less attention due to their race. The death penalty served justice to people who had abused it. It will ensure a safer society because potential murderers would be afraid to kill because if they did, they would be executed as well. If we do not continue to practice this then murder rates would steadily increase. It is also not a racial issue because each case is observed with the full extent of the law. I believe the death penalty should continue to be instated because it will provide for a quicker progression to a murder-free America.

Hopi Indians Essay

This ethnography will examine the way of life and the cultures and traditions of the Hopi Indians, with the primary intention of providing the reader with the information and facts that would be needed to develop a greater understanding this ethnic community, an understanding and comprehension of how another person lives, considered vital today. The Hopi Indians are an ethnic people, perhaps the descendants of the Aztecs of Mexico, and directly related to the Anasazi. This ethnic group of people lives in Northeast Arizona near the Black Mesa. These are peaceable and wise people, whose very name indicates ‘the peaceable people’. This research will examine these prejudices as well, and reach a conclusion. The misconceptions and prejudices that the author harbored before starting this research: This author was indeed a little apprehensive about choosing this group for this ethnography research, because the author had formed an opinion that these people would be completely uncivilized and perhaps unclean as well, even if he or she is well aware that these are plain prejudices and labeling exercises, brought on by years of ethnic ignorance and a lack of awareness of other peoples and their cultures. The research questions that were brought to the study at the outset: These are the questions that the author of this research brought to mind at the beginning of the ethnographic research: Who are the Hopis? What do they do? What is their culture and what are their traditions? Do they still follow these traditions, and how have they managed to survive as an ethnic group through these years, and does modern man understand them, or has modern man ever made a serious and concerted effort at understanding these people who have lived amongst the people of the rest of the world, earning their own living and managing to hold on to their age old customs and methods, including the way in which they make their jewelry, their pottery, and their agricultural methods? The Questions that enquire into the simplistic lifestyle of the Hopi Indians, and delve into a comparison of this traditional lifestyle with the newer more materialistic one of today: This author wished to ask these questions and seek answers to them through this ethnographic research on the Hopi Indians: How did the Hopis manage to survive a simplistic lifestyle such as theirs, despite the changes and diversification that took place around them? How can such a simplistic lifestyle be compared to the materialistic lifestyle of the people of today? Purpose of the Ethnography: In general, people have always been interested in this group of people, perhaps because of the numerous stories one may have heard over the years about the Aztecs and their heroic exploits. This research will perhaps provide one with answers to questions about the simple Hopi people who inhabit a part of Arizona and who follow their own culture and tradition, and who live life on their own terms, in spite of the fact that the world in which they live has been overtaken with several kinds of changes and is today truly global in every sense of the word. Why were the Hopi Indians chosen as the subject of the research: One can hope that through this research, one would be able to successfully overcome these misconceptions; pre conceived notions and prejudices and move on to become a productive and unbiased member of the increasingly globalized world of today. The uniqueness of the Hopi Indians, and its members: It was when the research on the Hopis was started that one could arrive at the realization that today there are twelve Hopi villages, each with its own village chief, who is an individual responsible for the welfare and well being of the people under him. The Hopi Indians within their villages have managed to maintain very well the balance required of them to keep up with the prevalent Euro-American culture, while at the same time never letting go of the cultures and traditions that form a part and parcel of their ethnic identity. (â€Å"Hopi Civilization† n. d) The Hopi Indians are known for their unique agricultural methods, making them some of the most well known ‘dry farmers’ of the world, even today. (â€Å"Hopi†) Discussion: At this point it is worth mentioning the interesting Hopi traditions that have fascinated man in general from the time he first started to know about them. For example, the Hopi Indians believe that man was not created, but was rather generated from the Earth, and that he emerged from the ‘sipapu’, or what is better known to us as the Grand Canyon. Although there may be certain prominent clan leaders, the number of supernatural subordinates is virtually unlimited, and these are known as ‘kachinas’. They possess supernatural powers, and in the Hopis believe in ensuring their luck by wearing amulets and charms. Although it is possible to understand their need for rituals to bring good luck, it is a unanimous opinion that it may indeed be difficult for the modern cultures of today to understand the need for superstitions and mystic religious ceremonies that the Hopis indulge in to ensure good health and luck in their daily activities. (â€Å"Hopi Indian Tribal History† 2009) For the Hopi Indians, the priest is often considered to be the ‘ideal manifestation of the balanced mentality†¦fairly typical of the Pueblo Indians (Hultkrantz, Ake) Religion plays a very important role in these so called ‘primitive’ peoples’ lives; perhaps they fear the deceased more than death in itself, and these people believed strongly in life after death. The Hopis also believe that when the body lies asleep, the soul wanders about to far away places, and perhaps even to the land of the dead, and death arrives when the wandering soul happens to be caught in the world of the dead. (Hultkrantz, Ake 1981) The Socio-Economic status of the Hopi Indians: It is indeed fascinating that the Hopi people earned their own money, prompting one to wonder what their value system for money was. This was the reason why a decision was made to ask them these questions: what, according to the Hopis, constituted ‘earning’, and how did they earn their money? It was possible to find out that the Hopis today are more modern than one could fairly expect them to be, and while some of them were Doctors, some were architects, some teachers, and some others were potters and jewelry makers. Traditionally, though, the Hopi Indians have developed a culture that is based on hunting and gathering, and later, horticulture. All the various aspects of their culture, including their religion, their social customs and tradition, and their occupations are interwoven with each other, and this in essence would describe the value these people have for money in general. In my opinion, since money is an integral part of their culture, the Hopis do not have any special attachment to money nor do they value it as the rest of the world may do, unless they have managed to transcend their boundaries and attain a different socio economic status, like for instance earning a degree in a university and going on to become a Doctor. (Dutton, Bertha, Pauline 1983) Most of Hopi life revolves around agriculture, and one could read this statement several times during this research: â€Å"The Hopi way of life is the corn: humility, cooperation, respect, and universal earth stewardship. † (â€Å"Hopi Traditional Knowledge†) Nevertheless, when one mentions the word ‘Hopi Indian’ one automatically visualizes the exquisite pottery and jewelry that these people are able to produce, and when one understands that these crafts have been carried down from on generation to the next, one cannot help but be amazed and astonished at the tenacity of the culture and tradition of these ethnic Indian people. (â€Å"Contemporary Hopi Arts and Crafts†) Research Methods: Primary Sources: In this section the author of this research will detail the interview questions that were used in gathering the data that were required for this project. This author was able to interview Mr. ABC (a member of the Hopi Indian community who is now a teacher and who is married to an American and who lives with his family in the center of town, but still keeps in touch with his family members of the Hopi community) 1. Could you describe the ancestry of the Hopi Indian community for me, please? 2. How did your people settle down in Northeast Arizona near the Black Mesa? Was there a reason, or did it simply happen? 3. Do you and your people still follow any of the old traditions in your community? How do you manage to uphold the traditions that form a part and parcel of your identity as an ethnic group? 4. Do you believe in the integration of the old and the new? How have the Hopi Indians managed to integrate the modern day customs with their older ones? Has this integration been successful at all? 5. Do you feel that other people do not and have never made any attempt to understand your traditions and your culture? Do you feel that it is important, especially in today’s environment for other people to gain an understanding into your traditions and your way of life? 6. What do the Hopi Indians feel about their socio economic status today? 7. What, in the opinion of Hopis, is the value of money? How do the Hopis earn money, and do they place any importance or value on earning more than the neighbor as the others do, or are they content with what they are able to earn doing their chosen jobs? In addition, these sites were referred to for extensive information and reference on the Hopi Indians: Hultkrantz, Ake â€Å"The Religions of the American Indians (1981) Google Book Search Retrieved April 18, 2009 from: This book was examined for firsthand information on the Hopi Indians and their lifestyles Dutton, Bertha, Pauline â€Å"American Indians of the Southwest† (1983) Google Book Search Retrieved April 18, 2009 from: < http://books. google. co. in/books? id=ju-zrFKL4SIC&pg=PA14&dq=hopi+pueblo+indians > This research was examined for firsthand information on the Hopi Indians and their lifestyles â€Å"Contemporary Hopi Arts and Crafts† The Hopi Cultural Preservation Office (1997) Retrieved April 18, 2009 from: < http://www. nau. edu/~hcpo-p/arts/index. html > This research was examined for information on the Hopi Indians and their crafts Hopi Traditional Knowledge† The Hopi Cultural Preservation Office (1997) Retrieved April 18, 2009 from:

6 Résumé Writing Tips That Will Make Your Application Stand Out

6 Rà ©sumà © Writing Tips That Will Make Your Application Stand Out On this episode, we discuss how to update your rà ©sumà © to land your dream job. Well show you some great rà ©sumà © writing tips to help you to create a modern, professional-looking rà ©sumà © that will attract the attention of potential employers and will help you stand out from the crowd.Here is a quick summary of the tips we cover in this video:Tip 1: Ditch the objective and make the top 1/3 of your rà ©sumà © shine. Traditional rà ©sumà © formats dont showcase your unique talents at the beginning and this will be the first thing a potential employer sees.Tip 2: Highlight your performance.Tip 3: Use a rà ©sumà © template. These allow you to simply copy and paste to update your rà ©sumà © to a more modern, sleek document.Tip 4: Omit experience thats more than 10 years old.Tip 5: Be concise. Avoid repetition and wordiness.Tip 6: Make sure your rà ©sumà © is error-free. A professional editor can help make sure your document shines and your job search is successful.

Coraline, by Neil Gaiman - Summary and Review

Coraline, by Neil Gaiman - Summary and Review Coraline by Neil Gaiman is a weird and delightfully scary fairy tale/ghost story. I call it delightfully scary because while it grips the readers attention with creepy happenings that may cause a case of the shivers, it is not the kind of scary book that leads to nightmares of the it could happen to me kind. The story revolves around the very strange experiences Coraline has when she and her parents move into an apartment in an old house. Coraline must save herself and her parents from the evil forces that threaten them. Coraline by Neil Gaiman is recommended for ages 8-12. The Story of Coraline The idea behind Coraline can be found in the quotation by C.K. Chesterton that precedes the beginning of the story: Fairy tales are more than true: not because they tell us that dragons exist, but because they tell us dragons can be beaten. This short novel tells the amazing, and creepy, tale of what happens when a girl named Coraline and her parents move into an apartment on the second floor of a very old house. Two elderly retired actresses live on the ground floor and an old, and quite strange, man who says he is training a mouse circus, lives in the flat above Coralines family. Coralines parents are frequently distracted and dont pay a lot of attention to her, the neighbors keep pronouncing her name incorrectly, and Coraline is bored. In the course of exploring the house, Coraline discovers a door that opens onto a brick wall. Her mother explains that when the house was divided into apartments, the doorway was bricked up between their apartment and the empty flat on the other side of the house, the one thats still for sale. Strange sounds, shadowy creatures in the night, cryptic warnings from her neighbors, a scary reading of tea leaves and the gift of a stone with a hole in it because its good for bad things, sometimes, are all rather unsettling. However, its when Coraline opens the door to the brick wall, finds the wall gone, and walks into the supposedly empty apartment that things get really strange and frightening. The apartment is furnished. Living in it is a woman who sounds much like Carlines mother and introduces herself as Coralines other mother and Coralines other father. Both have button eyes, big and black and shiny. While initially enjoying the good food and attention, Coraline finds more and more to worry her. Her other mother insists they want her to stay forever, her real parents disappear, and Coraline quickly realizes that it will be up to her to save herself and her real parents. The story of how she copes with her other mother and the strange versions of her real neighbors, how she helps and gets helped by three young ghosts and a talking cat, and how she frees herself and rescues her real parents by being brave and resourceful is dramatic and exciting. While the pen and ink illustrations by Dave McKean are appropriately creepy, they are not really necessary. Neil Gaiman does a superb job of painting pictures with words, making it easy for readers to visualize each scene. Neil Gaiman In 2009, author Neil Gaiman won the John Newbery Medal for excellence in young peoples literature for his middle-grade fantasy novel The Graveyard Book. Our Recommendation We recommend Coraline for 8 to 12-year-olds. Although the main character is a girl, this tale will appeal to both boys and girls who enjoy weird and scary (but not too scary) tales. Because of all of the dramatic happenings, Coraline is also a good read-aloud for 8- to 12-year-olds. Even if your child is not frightened by the book, the movie version may be a different story.

Aerobic exercise assignment Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Aerobic exercise assignment - Case Study Example Superman helps strengthening the lower back. One lies on the stomach with a rolled towel under the hips to support the back. Another folded towel may be used to support the forehead. Tighten the abdominal muscles (Daniel, 1982). Then raise the right arm off the floor holding it for three or 4 breaths. Lower it then raise the other arm. Repeat the same with the legs. Redo until both legs and hands feel fatigued. This involves lying on your stomach then raising yourself up so that you are resting on the forearms and knees. One should ensure that the head and neck are aligned with the back and place the shoulders above the elbows. Then tighten the abdomen muscles. To create resistance, press the elbows and knees toward one another, neither moving from their position on the floor. Hold in the same position for four breaths (Bandy, 1994). Repeat severally by returning to the start position until you feel fatigue. Segmental Rotation involves lying on your back with the knees bent and back in a neutral position while tightening abdominal muscles (Daniel, 1982). While your shoulders are kept on the floor, allow the knees to fall slowly to the left until you feel a stretch, hold for 4 breaths and then repeat the exercise on the right. Do it severally until you feel fatigue. One lies on the back with the knees bent, keeping the back in a neutral position. Do not arch or press into the floor. Similarly, avoid tilting the hips as you tighten abdominal muscles. Then align your hips with your knees and shoulders by raising your hips off the floor. Hold for 4 breaths then return to the start position and repeat until you feel fatigue (Daniel, 1982). Effective cool down gives the body time to recover. This should be done by gradually decreasing the intensity level of the aerobic exercises. For instance, reduce the pace of walking and the intensity of the above activities until the breathing rate and heart

Workplace romance Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Workplace romance - Thesis Example Some coworkers may take workplace to be of no interest to them even as others may see their love affair responded to with a high level of defense. Companies and organizations are confused in respect work place romance since they ought to give a free and conducive environment for workers as opposed supposed to creating fear and tension among workers. Another subject of confusion in relation o workplace romance relates to the right organ or department to handle such cases. Some managers feel that such relationships could affect the productivity of the company while others feel that workers are citizens who have rights to socialize in whichever way they like even in the organizational setup. This has seen companies in situations where they have been unable to come with approaches and policies that address office dating. It has become challenging when people from different departments fall in love, for example, the administrator having a love affair with a junior officer in a certain dep artment. Secondly, it has been of less effect when the administrator develops a romantic relationship with his or her secretary, when the same administrator is the one who is in charge of implementing the laid down policies. This paper will discuss different perspectives and opinions of different authors toward work place romance. According to Bytautas, Klenin, Marinescu and Appelbaum (2007), employers have experienced work place relationships for a long time. They indicate that employers are in a position to realize that workers have love relationships with another employee. Bytautas et al. indicate that companies have realized the effects that come with work place relationships. It is has negative effects on production since the respective couples tend to spend their time together thinking of each other instead of concentrating on the delivery of service. Bytautas et al. suggest that work place romance has been a result of an

Critical Discourse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Critical Discourse - Essay Example This paper approves that the power and dominance are associated with specific social domains such as politics, media, law, education and science that are allied with the studies of professional and institutional power. The background of the reproduction of power in various domains of social group is an important factor for the analysis in a corrective manner. This power has certain targets for such powers; these are usually catered to by public clients and other social groups that depend on the institutional and organizational power. The study has discussed various topics of critical discourse analysis and communication analysis in relation to the application of power and language. The theoretical framework has also been analyzed for the purpose of understanding the concepts of discourse and power with the understanding of domination groups and powerful groups within the analysis. The methodology, strengths and weaknesses of critical discourse analysis and communication analysis have been explained in the study so as to recognize the relevance of study. The basic structure of discourse and interface between the power and discourse has been performed at the same time. The relation of discourse and action in the context of social groups, and society at large, is the major subject study for the integration of various approaches of discourse. In this way the study will work to accomplish the objectives of the prior studies as well as to understand the multidisciplinary approach of critical discourse analysis and comm unication analysis in a better and more complete manner.... The terminology of conversation analysis itself indicates that the initial stage of conversation analysis consists of casual conversation and thereafter, the procedure of analysis begins. The methods of conversation analysis were subsequently adapted to embrace more task and institution centered interactions. Therefore, the term 'conversation analysis' has become important as a successful approach to conversation with the perspective of social interaction. Conversation Analysis Methodology of CA The conception of humanity, social sciences and interactions are important and therefore, the concept of critical discourse analysis and communication analysis has gained so much importance in recent years. Currently, the communication analysis is a proven method for sociology, anthropology, linguistics, speech communication and psychology (Emanuel, 2000). Communication analysis is not designed for the purpose of examining the production of interaction from a perspective that is external to t he social circle and understanding the communication in a better manner (Jefferson, 2007). But the actual purpose of communication analysis is to model the resources and methods from which the understanding of communication can be reproduced in a substantial manner (Lazar, 2005). Methodology of CA Application of CA and CDA In recent years, communication analysis and critical discourse analysis have expanded their application and scope. At the same time, their concepts and understandings have complemented various other theories, which have supported the application of critical discourse and communication analysis (Goffman, 2005). Many researchers have deployed communication analysis in different fields, such as feminist linguistics, Membership Categorization Analysis and

Migrant Workers in Dubais Development

Migrant Workers in Dubais Development Migrant Workers and the Development of Dubai. Introduction Dubai is part of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), one of the seven emirates that make up the UAE. Dubai attracts millions of visitors for both business and pleasure each year. Dubai is a relatively new city. The last 30 years have seen mass construction as can clearly be seen from the pictures of Sheikh Zayed Road at Annex 1 and from the NASA pictures at Annex 2. As in any developing city numerous construction cranes dot the horizon. Dubai is very much a tale of two cities†¦ the stunning modern city and the workers subject to labour conditions of those in the dark ages. Dubai has achieved economic success due to both its abundance of natural resource and because of its tax free shopping but at whose expense and with what future potential problems has this stunning modern city emerged? While Dubai has emerged as a global city, hosting sporting events and conferences and attracting both media attention and the attention of the rich and famous for its beautiful buildings, villas and apartment, criticism of their treatment of immigrant workers and of human rights violations have also emerged. This essay looks at who is operating those cranes, the people who are building this new, ultra modern city and examines the Government’s policy towards them. The first section provides a demographic profile of the population of Dubai. The second section looks at the socio-economic stratifications that exist in Dubai and the potential here for conflict, particularly in relation to the migrant workers. The third section looks at some of the UAE Government policy towards migrants, in particular it looks at the issue of human rights examines the criticisms of human rights violations. In conclusion it is argued that if the Government of the United Arab Emirates does not act to support and protect and integrate the people that are building their leading city then there is potential for great repercussions. The fast urban development that followed the 1971 federation completely changed the character of Dubai. The local citizens now represent only a minority of the population of which the great majority consists of immigrants from different societies with different planning ideologies (Haggag, 2003). The Table below clearly details this with 83.02% of the total population of Dubai being foreign born. The cultural and economic implications of this are discussed in the following section. Dubai Metropolitan Statistical Area Foreign Born – 2005 (http://www.gstudynet.org/gum/UAE/Dubai2005.htm, 31/03/07) Country of Birth Population % of Foreign Born % of Total Population India 538,560 51% 42.34% Pakistan 168,960 16% 13.28% Arab (from SW Asia and North Africa) 116,160 11% 9.13% Bangladesh 95,040 9% 7.47% Philippines 31,680 3% 2.49% Sri Lanka 19,008 1.8% 1.49% Europe 11,616 1.1% 0.91% USA 3,168 0.3% 0.25% Other Countries 71,808 6.8% 5.65% Total Foreign Born 1,056,000 100% 83.02% Total Population* 1,272,000 Source: Ministry of Labor (2005 Statistics) * 2004 Estimate, UAE in Figures (www.uae.gov.ae/mop?UAE_figure/UAE_%2004_files/sheet001.htm) There are very distinct cultural (social) and economic stratifications in Dubai. Nicholson describes this as the ‘Dubai sandwich: at the bottom, cheap and exploited Asian labour; in the middle, white northern professional services, plus tourist hunger for glamour in the sun and†¦ at the top, enormous quantities of invested oil money, combined with fearsome social and political control’ (Nicolson, 2006) Although a Muslim emirate, Dubai has largely developed upon Western lines. large-scale projects have been imported and implemented by western professionals, using their own modern building technologies. Many practical decisions, which ultimately affect the structure of society, education and administration systems, and the shaping of the physical environment, are taken largely according to western ideologies. In many cases, major planning policies, development strategies, and even legal codes follow western models (Haggag, 2003). Arab cities are fundamentally laid out differently to western ones and the impact of western planning ideologies on the traditional pattern of Arab cities has been significant. There is a cultural dichotomy between western and Arabic. The complex pattern of architectural concept and style, the development of building processes, are all impacted by changes in socio-economic, political and cultural development (Haggag, 2003). As a result Dubai is a Westernised city in an Arabic state. This is true culturally as well as bars and restaurants serve alcohol, women are free to go out alone (not usual in most Arabic countries). There is concern over this but herein lies the crux of the issue for Dubai how can a minority ideology rule? Dubai has strict policy on public behaviour, it is an arrest able offence for a man and woman to kiss in public and it’s an offence do dress inappropriately during Ramadan. Recently there has been debate in Dubai about the problems associated with multiculturalism in Dubai. (Fattah 19/10/06) Western liberalism in terms of dress combined with the traditional Muslim beliefs in the Arab country does not sit well together. Indeed Dubai can be seen as the place where Huntington’s Clash of Civilisations is actually in one country (Huntingdon, 1993). How can Dubai balance the Arabic beliefs with what would become a cultural melting pot based on the multi-ethnic composition of it’s populace. Haggag g ives an excellent account of this dichotomy explaining that the adoption of Western concepts and ideologies in the cultural domain contradict the traditional way of life and yet although a driving a concern in most modern Arabic societies, there has been little debate about the potential conflicts arising from this situation. Dubai is catering to the needs of the rich Western investor and needs to find a balance with the more traditional Arab way of life in order to prevent any future conflict. There is a clear economic stratification in the ethnic groups in Dubai also. ‘Locals are typically owners, Westerners earn the top salaries and South Asians do the menial labor’. (Fattah, 19/10/06) Locals will remain owners, as non-locals cannot buy land in Dubai. The inequality in pay in itself has potential for conflict as the workers cannot be part of the city that they themselves are helping to create. ‘An army of some 250,000 men, largely from India and Pakistan, are labouring to create the new glimmer fantasy, earning on average  £150 a month, and living in camps, four to a room, 12ft by 12ft, hidden away in the industrial quarters of al Quoz. One night in one of the luxury hotels would cost six months wages of one of the men who built it.’(Nicolson, 2006) Government Policy towards Migrant Workers With regards to citizenship there are strict regulations, foreigners are ineligible for citizenship therefore preventing Dubai from becoming a cultural melting pot even though it has been built by non-residents. Given that there are no means of gaining permanent residency in Dubai (or any of the other Emirates) the UAE Government has ruled that anyone born in the UAE takes on the nationality as their father and not that of the UAE. So should all those currently in Dubai remain there the ethnic make up will not change and the Arabs will remain a minority group in their own country. In the period since 1971, public policy in Dubai has been characterised by a rush to construct. In order to do so it needed people to do the construction and so to sustain and enable the growth desired by the Government in Dubai thousands of migrant workers have come to the emirate. While the influx of people into Dubai and the construction has happened rapidly, there has been concern over the implementation of thought out and effective urban policy, or in other words policy development has not been in line with the development of the skyline of Dubai. There have been some reforms introduced but they have been met with opposition from the construction and business communities. In 2005 the Government put limits on when workers could work during the hottest months of July and August after an increase in heat related injuries and fined companies who did not allow for an afternoon break between 12.30pm and 4.30pm. This resulted in a lot of companies just paying the fines. (Human Rights Watch Report, 2007 p. 45) A new draft labour law from the UAE has been criticised for failing to meet international standards, for example it does not protect the workers right to strike in fact it punishes those workers who do strike. If Dubai and the rest of the UAE do not act to improve the treatment and rights of migrant workers they face potential for conflict not only from workers revolting but also increased international pressure, for a developing first class world city they need to balance the needs of the development with the needs of the peopl e who are helping to make the development dreams real. Dubai is quite unique in that its indigenous population are a minority ethnic group. The Governments policy and desire of rapid urbanisation and a first class world city brought with it an influx of cheap migrant labour, thus changing the ethnic demographic of the emirate. As this essay has shown this has not come without problems and unless effective policies are put in place there is great potential for further clashes along the different, interlinked stratifications that exist in society in Dubai. One of the most pressing issues facing the Government and of course those affected is that of human rights violations. Although this essay has shown that the Government has taken some steps towards addressing human rights abuses, those steps have not been big enough nor have they covered enough ground. The Government needs to find a balance between their needs and those of the people who are building their vision. Bibliography and references: Fattah, H. M., (04/12/05) ‘Young Iranians Follow Dreams to Dubai’ The New York Times Haggag, M.A. (2003) The western influence on traditional Arab cities: With particular reference to Dubai, UAE Sustainable Planning and Development, pp. 801-811 Nicolson A, (13/02/06) ‘Boom town’ The Guardian United Nations (1990) International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families Human Rights Watch Report (2006) Swept Under the Rug, Abuses against Domestic Workers Around the World ,Volume 18, Number 7(C) Human Rights Watch Report (2006) Building Towers, Cheating Workers, United Nations Human Rights Commission   Human Rights Watch Report (2007) World Report UAE, United Nations Human Rights Commission Huntingdon, S. (1993) The Clash of Civilizations? Foreign Affairs pp. 22-49   Websites www.gstudynet.org/gum Globalisation Urbanisation Migration http://hrw.org/english/docs/2006/01/18/uae12233.htm Human Rights Watch

Mother Daughter Relationships - Daughter Pushed to the Brink in Amy Tan

A Daughter Pushed to the Brink in Joy Luck Club      Ã‚   In Amy Tan's novel, Joy Luck Club, the mother of Jing-mei recognizes only two kinds of daughters: those that are obedient and those that follow their own mind. Perhaps the reader of this novel may recognize only two types of mothers: pushy mothers and patient mothers.   The two songs, "Pleading Child" and "Perfectly Contented," which the daughter plays, reinforce the underlying tension in the novel. These songs represent the feelings that the daughter, Jing-mei, has had throughout her life. The mother in this novel is pushy. She wants her daughter to become a child prodigy so badly she can practically taste it. She makes Jing-mei perform tests out of magazines to see if she could by some chance be one of those extraordinary children they are always reading about and watching on TV. Jing-mei has no interest in becoming a child prodigy; eventually gives up on these tests, and hence her mother gives up on them, too. The mother also pushed Jing-mei to try and be something she wasn't in the way of looks. After watching Shirley Temple on TV, Jing-mei's mother took her down to the beauty training school so she could get her hair cut to look like a Chinese Shirley Temple. Well, like the tests, the haircut failed too. She ended up with an uneven, Peter Pan looking haircut. Jing-mei's mother said that she now "looked like Negro Chinese" as if it was her fault her hair ended up the way it did (Tan 1208). After the first two attempts to make her daughter into a child prodigy, the mother is just about to give up on the idea that her daughter can be better than what she already is, when her last idea hits her. She was watching the Ed Sullivan show, when she saw a girl playin... ...ause her mother pushed her to hard to do things that she simply did not want to do. If her mother had just been a little more relaxed and not so caught up in her daughter becoming a child prodigy, then they would have had a better relationship. If parents push their children to do something they do not want to do, they may end up, like Jing-mei's mother, paying for it.    Works Cited and Consulted: Ghymn, Ester. Images of Asian American Women by Asian American Women Writers. vol. 1. NY: Peter Lang 1995. Souris, Stephen. "'Only Two Kinds of Daughters:'" Inter-Monologue Dialogicity in The Joy Luck Club." Melus 19.2 (Summer 1994):99-123. Tan, Amy. The Joy Luck Club. Vintage Contemporaries. New York: A Division of Random House, Inc. 1993. Willard, Nancy. Asian American Women Writers. Ed. Harold Bloom. Chelsea House Publishers, Philadelphia 1997.

Challenges of the Fire Department.

Todays fire service faces multiple challenges, one of the biggest challenges that threatened our existence is the waning of public support. Since the decline in our economy, many politicians have made firefighters their enemy and attacked the fire service. Recently, fire department wages have been blamed for our municipality’s dire fiscal condition. A majority of the public has taken note of these attacks and has taken the side of the politicians. Through our actions, we must work hard to regain the publics respect and trust. Without the publics support the fire department would not exist.Throughout our nations history the fire service has been held in high esteem and very well respected. It has taken generations to establish this reputation and now it is now up to us to carry and build upon this foundation. The majority of firefighters do a great job on and off duty but it is the poor judgment of a few individuals that discredit and tarnish our organization’s reputatio n. Just in the last few years, there have been numerous charges against firefighters that include; murder, DUI, soliciting prostitution and grand larceny.All these charges are from within the Las Vegas Valley and do not mention the charges faced by our brothers and sisters across the nation. These charges coupled with political attacks have resulted in eroding the relationship between the fire service and the general public. It is up to our generation of firefighters to win over our citizens and regain their trust. We must do this by performing our duties with the outmost professionalism and customer care in mind. It all begins with our appearance. Whether we recognize it or not, we are judged not only by our actions but also by our appearance.Our uniforms and conduct must reflect the professionalism that is expected from the fire department. Our equipment must also be well maintained and organized. We must show pride and take care of the equipment granted to us by the public. Durin g emergency calls we must show compassion and understanding even if by our definition the call does not warrant an emergency response. We are in the business of serving the public and we must show our citizen’s that we are here for them and are willing to respond and mitigate their emergency regardless of the time of day.Once an emergency is mitigated, it should be our goal to have our citizen’s completely satisfied and be astonished to level of care provided by their neighborhood fire department. We should not leave the scene until our customers needs have been completely met. I understand and have responded to calls where people are less than friendly, but we must also treat these customers with the same level of professionalism and respect. Our profession places us under the scrutiny of the public’s eye and we must not forget about the multiple spectators that are always on scene.With the popularity of cell phones and cameras our every word and actions could easily be recorded and posted on social network sites. We have all benefitted by the hard work and dedication of previous firefighters. We cannot take their effort for granted and we must work hard to rebuild our public image. We must police and hold ourselves to a higher standard. Our conduct on and off duty must reflect that of a professional if we want our legacy to continue and be passed forward.

R.C Air Plane

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF RADIO CONTROLLED AIRPLANE Group Members: ADEEL AHMAD(080304) BABUR MANSOOR(080316) BILAL IFTIKHAR(080319) HAFIZ FAIZAN SHABBIR USMANI(080332) BE MECHATRONICS (7-A) Project Supervisor Group Captain (R) Muzaffar Ali Assistant Professor DEPARTMENT OF MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AIR UNIVERSITY, ISLAMABAD DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF RADIO CONTROLLED AIRPLANE Final Year Project Report (Fall) DEPARTMENT OF MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF RADIO CONTROLLED AIRPLANE Submitted By: ADEEL AHMAD(080304)BABUR MANSOOR(080316) BILAL IFTIKHAR(080319) HAFIZ FAIZAN SHABBIR USMANI(080332) Project Supervisor ____________________________ Assistant Professor, Group Captain (R) Muzaffar Ali Head of Department ____________________________ Professor/Dean/Chair Department, Engr. Dr. Zafar-ullah-Koreshi Page IAcknowledgement. Page IITable of Contents: Chapter 1: IntroductionPage No. 02 1. 1 Basic IntroductionPage No. 03 1. 2 Transmitter/ReceiverPage No. 04 1. 3 Microcontroller Page No. 05 1. 4 Digital GyroscopePage No. 05 Chapter 2: Literature Review Page No. 06 2. History Page No. 07 Chapter 3: Modeling & DesignPage No. 08 3. 1 Modeling of DC Servo Motors Page No. 09 3. 2 Design of RC PlanePage No. 11 3. 3 Major Parts of RC PlanePage No. 12 3. 4 Mechanical AnalysisPage No. Chapter 4: ReferencesPage No. 14 4. 1 BooksPage No. 15 4. 2 WebsitesPage No. 15 Acknowledgements Apart from the efforts from us, the success of this project depends largely on the encouragement and guidelines of many others. We take this opportunity to express our gratitude to the people who have been instrumental in the successful completion of this project.We would like to show our greatest appreciation to our project Supervisor Assistant Professor, Engr. Muzaffar Ali. We can’t say thank you enough for his tremendous support and help. We feel motivated and encouraged every time we attend his meeting. Without his encouragement and guidance this proje ct would not have materialized. Needless to mention that Sir Raheel Afzal & Sir Moeen Maboob, Lab Engineers, who had been a source of inspiration and for their timely guidance in the conduct of our project work. We would also like to thank all the Faculty Members for all their valuable assistance in the project work.Finally, yet importantly, We would like to express our heartfelt thanks to our beloved parents for their blessings, our friends/classmates for their help and wishes for the successful completion of this project. Chapter # 1 Introduction 1. 1: Basic Introduction Radio Controlled (RC) plane is basically a smaller prototype of an actual aircraft and its dynamics are relatively difficult to understand. For RC Plane there is 3-degree of freedom. Important parameters are: roll, pitch and yaw. To achieve control of these parameters, there are three control surfaces ailerons, elevators and rudder. 1. : Transmitter/Receiver †¢ A Transmitter is an electronic device that gener ates and amplifies a carrier wave, modulates it with a meaningful signal derived from speech or other sources, and radiates the resulting signal from an antenna. The transmitter used for project has 6 channels and is programmable for both airplanes and helicopters. It has a 3-way flap switch, aileron and elevator dual rate switches, rudder mix switch, gear and aux2 switch. A preset memory makes it possible to set up several different models on the same radio. †¢ A  Receiver  converts signals from a radio  antenna  to a usable form.It uses  electronic filters  to separate a wanted  radio frequency  signal from all other signals, the  electronic amplifier  increases the level suitable for further processing, and finally recovers the desired information through  demodulation  and  decoding. Information carried on a radio signal may represent sound, images or data. We are using a 6 channel tiny 4 grams receiver with signal path diversity. 1. 3: Microcontro ller We will be using Arduino AT-Mega 328 Microcontroller and it has a dedicated PWM pin. It has built in ADC therefore no external ADC is required and it is very much faster than Atmel Microcontrollers . 4: Digital Gyroscope How Gyroscopes Work: Gyroscope can balance on almost on any surface with single contact: It can be a finger or even a string. They can resist motion about the spin axis in very odd ways; but the most interesting effect is that gravity-defying part which is called  Precession. We will be using Eclectic Gyroscope in our RC Plane to provide it with stable Flight. We are using Gyro ITG 3200. Chapter # 2 Literature Review 2. 1: History The earliest examples of electronically guided model aircraft were hydrogen-filled model  airships  of the late 19th century.They were flown as a music hall act around theater auditoriums using a basic form of spark-emitted radio signal. In 1920s, the  Royal Aircraft Establishment  of Britain built and tested the Larynx, a  monoplane  with a 100-mile (160  km) range powered by a Lynx engine. It was not until the 1930s that the British came up with the Queen Bee, a modified  de Havilland Tiger Moth, and similar target aircraft. Radio control technology has been in use since 1893, when Nikola Tesla created a boat that was controlled by transmitted radio waves. In 1917, the first radio controlled airplane was successful.During World War II, Germany tried a variety of weapons that were operated by radio control. Radio controlled model airplanes have evolved over the years and seen improvements since that first flight in 1917. Chapter # 3 Modeling & Design 3. 1 Modeling of DC Servo Motrors 3. 2: Design of RC Plane 3. 3: Major Parts Of RC Plane Rudder Flex the rudder back and forth to loosen up the foam hinge. The less force needed to move the rudder the less stress is put on the servo during flight. Alternatively cut them off and use clear packing tape to re-attach them, one slice on each side. [pic ] ElevatorAdjust the travel adjust value to the maximum allowed before the servo begins to bind. [pic] Wings Helps the Plane in gliding and to increase the surface area of the plane. [pic] Aileron For maximum throw, the aileron wing servo has to be swapped around vertically. The servo head should be pointing toward the back instead of the leading wing edge 4. Mechanical Analysis All dimensions of the Plane are From National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics  (NACA) , we selected the NACA series of 0015 as it was cheaper to fabricate. The Analysis of the Aerofoil was performed on Gambit & Fluent as these software are used for fluid analysis.We calculated the Coefficient of Drag & Lift using these software to determine whether the plane will fly or not. The coordinates of the NACA series 0015 was taken from the NACA site. Theoretical Calculations †¢ Length of Aerofoil (chord)= 19 cm †¢ Max Thickness of Aerofoil=2. 85 cm (2. 85/19)*100= 15 We Know that our Aerofoil is Symm etrical, therefore the The NACA Series number of our Foil is 0015 †¢ The NACA 0015 airfoil is symmetrical, the 00 indicating that it has no camber. The 15 indicates that the airfoil has a 15% thickness to chord length ratio: it is 15% as thick as it is long.NACA 0015 1. 000000, 0. 001580 0. 950000, 0. 010080 0. 900000, 0. 018100 0. 800000, 0. 032790 0. 700000, 0. 045800 0. 600000, 0. 057040 0. 500000, 0. 066170 0. 400000, 0. 072540 0. 300000, 0. 075020 0. 250000, 0. 074270 0. 200000, 0. 071720 0. 150000, 0. 066820 0. 100000, 0. 058530 0. 075000, 0. 052500 0. 050000, 0. 044430 0. 025000, 0. 032680 0. 012500, 0. 023670 0. 000000, 0. 000000 0. 012500, -0. 023670 0. 025000, -0. 032680 0. 050000, -0. 044430 0. 075000, -0. 052500 0. 100000, -0. 058530 0. 150000, -0. 066820 0. 200000, -0. 071720 . 250000, -0. 074270 0. 300000, -0. 075020 0. 400000, -0. 072540 0. 500000, -0. 066170 0. 600000, -0. 057040 0. 700000, -0. 045800 0. 800000, -0. 032790 0. 900000, -0. 018100 0. 950000, -0. 01 0080 1. 000000, -0. 001580 Chapter # 4 References 6. 1: Reference Books 6. 2: References Web-Sites file:///G:/GBx%20Brushless%20Motor%20Calculator. htm http://www. futaba-rc. com/ http://www. mathworks. com/products/sl-design-optimization/demos. html? file=/products/demos/shipping/sldo/spe_servomotor. html http://www. futaba-rc. com/servos/brushless. html www. Wikipedia. com